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What is a DC Series Generator – Load Test, Characteristics & Applications

November 29, 2019 By Wat Electrical Leave a Comment


An electrical generator is a kind of machine that can able to convert the input mechanical energy to electrical energy. It was invented in 1831 by Michael Faraday who worked on several theories of magnetic induction. Finally, it was made to work by the introduction of Electromagnetic Induction. This theory is the basis for the working of an electrical generator. Moreover, this electrical energy generated is used by electrical motors. However, these motors can also be used as an electrical generator by making some minor constructional changes. In this article, we shall discuss what is a DC series Generator, construction, working, characteristics, and load test.

What is a DC series Generator?

It is a machine that works on the principle of electromagnetic Induction and it converts the mechanical input given to electrical energy. The field winding is attached in series with the armature winding of this type of machine. The equivalent circuit of this type is shown in the figure below.

equivalent circuitt

equivalent circuit

From the circuit, we know that

Ise = Il = If

The terminal voltage equation from the circuit diagram is Vt = Ea – Ia (Ra + Rse).

As the winding is in series, the current is more and in order to produce the necessary MMF the winding is wound with fewer turns compared to shunt type machine.

MMF = Nse Ise

Working

It works similar to a normal type generator and the working principle is an electromagnetic inductor. When the conductors placed in the magnetic field are rotated by a mechanical input. These conductors cut the flux and induce a current to flow. This induced current is able to produce a voltage that is used as the output of electrical energy. The working of the DC series type is shown in the figure below.

Generator Working

Generator Working

Load Test of DC Series Generator

The load test is conducted to draw internal and external characteristics. The load circuit diagram is shown in the figure below.

load test

load-test

To know the values of voltage generated with respect to the load current in order to draw the curves vary the input voltage to the rated value and note the respective values.

Characteristics

The characteristics are generally considered to know the performance characteristics of the machine. The internal and external characteristics of the dc series generator are drawn between the voltage generated and load current and terminal voltage and load current. The magnetization curve is drawn between the no-load voltage and the load current. The magnetization curve is shown in the figure below.

magnetization characteristics

magnetization-characteristics

The Internal characteristic curve is shown in the figure below.

internal characteristics

internal characteristics

The external characteristic curve is shown in the figure below.

external characteristics

external characteristics

Applications

These machines are used in

  • Boosters
  • Locomotives

Thus, in this article, we had studied what is a DC series generator. It is a type of machine whose winding is attached in series with the armature winding such that the number of turns is less in order to produce the necessary flux. Apart from this, we had also studied its working, why load test is conducted, its characteristics, and applications. Here is a question for the readers, Magnetization characteristics curve is drawn between which values?

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