A transformer is an electrical device, used to enhance (step-up) or reduce (step down) the voltage & current in an AC system without a change within the frequency of AC in between electrical circuits. The output voltage in a step-up transformer is increased & the output current will be decreased whereas the output voltage in a step-down transformer is decreased & the output current will be increased to maintain the system’s input & output … [Read more...]
Photoelectric Effect : Derivation, Circuit, Characteristics & Its Applications
The phenomenon known as the photoelectric effect stands as a testament to the astonishing and sometimes perplexing behavior of light. It was first observed by Heinrich Hertz in 1887. Hertz's experiments laid the foundation for the subsequent work on the photoelectric effect by other scientists especially it was Einstein who, in 1905, provided the groundbreaking explanation of the photoelectric effect, demonstrating that light behaves not only as a wave but … [Read more...]
Electric Tariff : Working, Types, Example, Characteristics, Advantages & Its Disadvantages
Generally, we need different kinds of equipment machinery, such as turbines, alternators, and boilers for electricity generation in power stations. Consequently, the operation and arrangement of these devices incur additional costs. These costs are passed on to customers through a fixed charge included in their bills, with the tariff rate primarily determined by the cost of electricity generation. Once electricity is produced, the transmission process … [Read more...]
Electrical Outlet : Working, Types, Circuit, Working, Wiring & Its Advantages
The electric power supply is generally brought into your home from your local utility using electrical cables & is finished at the distribution box with CBs or circuit breakers. To utilize this electric supply, it is distributed all over the house either through external conduits or in-wall & reaches light bulb connectors as well as electrical outlets. An Electrical Outlet is also known as an electrical receptacle and is the main power source … [Read more...]
Hipot Testing : Importance, Procedure, Formula, Test for Cable & Its Advantages
The name of Hipot testing is taken from the “high potential” that they produce to achieve dielectric withstand & insulation resistance tests. So this testing has long been a standard process for different kinds of equipment. A lot of hipot testers also offer precise, low-resistance, high-current outputs and low-resistance measurements for testing ground bond integrity & ground resistance. At present, most advanced hipot testers use electronic … [Read more...]
Diversity Factor : Calculation, Table, Advantages, Disadvantages & Its Applications
In substations, a huge amount of electricity cannot be stored for use later, thus it is required to produce electricity according to consumer demands. The different electrical sources at the substation should be capable of accomplishing the requirements of load at all times. If all the electrical loads that are connected to the substation or generator demand load concurrently, then it is not feasible to accomplish the requirements of the load. But the … [Read more...]
SF6 Circuit Breaker : Construction, Working, Types, Maintenance & Its Applications
A circuit breaker is one type of protection device used to give protection to the electrical system against fault currents. The main function of the circuit breaker is to stop the flow of current to guard equipment by preventing fire risk. There are different types of circuit breakers. A circuit breaker is significant in electrical systems for security & reliability. If any fault happens, the circuit breaker protects people against electrical shocks … [Read more...]
Reverse Polarity : Circuit, Working, Causes, Symptoms, Advantages & Its Disadvantages
The term ‘Polarity’ can be defined as when an entity has two different & reverse poles that can either repel or attract each other. The term ‘polarity’ is used in different fields like electricity, electronic signaling, chemistry, and magnetism to explain the flow of electrons. Similarly, reverse polarity is quite opposite to it which means it is a condition where an outlet’s electrical wires are connected simply in reverse. Whenever the two poles are … [Read more...]
Protection Relay : Working, Circuit, Types, Codes, Functions & Its Applications
A relay is a four-terminal electrical switch, used to control any electrical circuit with an independent low-power signal and also to control various electrical circuits with a single signal. The terminals of the relay mainly include; common, coil, NO (normally open) & NC (normally closed). Generally, in long-distance telegraph circuits, relays were employed as signal repeaters. After that, these were used widely in telephone exchanges and early … [Read more...]
Single Phase Inverter : Working, Types, Connection with Arduino & Its Applications
A power electronic device that is used to change power from DC to AC form at the necessary frequency & voltage output is known as an inverter. The inverter input is a fixed DC voltage that is attained from the batteries & the inverter output is normally a variable or fixed frequency alternating voltage. The inverter is designed as separate equipment to use in different applications. Inverters are available in different types based on the switching … [Read more...]